Global Marketing Expansion Speech or Presentation

Global Marketing Expansion - Speech or Presentation Example In addition, for a good marketing strategy for the new products being introduced in new markets, it is essential that enterprises engage into a critical analysis of the targeted market or region (Paul 254). This is important because it helps the marketers of the product understand the market dynamics better for enhanced product positioning. As a general rule, a product is likely to sell if the conditions of the external environment are favorable for promotion purposes. The justification behind this is that for the product to be known and accepted in the market, there must be promotion and adoption campaign. This paper identifies the Malaysian market for the purposes of introducing a portable water purifying gadget. The paper will therefore analyze the current situation of the foreign country in terms of the social, political, legal and environmental factors that might affect the introduction and promotion of the new product into the new market. This analysis will be conducted on a ba ckground of the various factors that may hinder the marketing campaign for the new product. To begin, it is important to identify the new product and the justifications for introducing it to Malaysian market. The Portable Water Purifying System The portable water purifier is an innovative product developed for the purposes of ensuring that households and even travelling individuals have access to not only clean but safe water for consumption. Water is an important component of human development. However, although most people have improved access to relatively clean water in the developing and emerging economies today, there is still a problem of making sure that the water is pure and free from disease causing germs. A sure way to eliminate this uncertainty is to have a portable ‘verification’ tool. This is the main reason why this purification gadget has been developed. With the size of a small torch, the purifier uses the ultraviolet ray technology to help purify water especially before drinking. In addition, the gadget is able to recharge using limited solar rays and therefore it is the surest way of creating purification capabilities to households and individuals even in remote areas that do not have access to other purification systems. Another advantage of the product is that it is relatively cheap and durable and hence can be used by many people regardless of their economic status. In addition, the product is user friendly because just like a conventional torch light, the portable purifier works with a slide switch that activates the beam of ultraviolet rays that are able to sterilize water within a couple of minutes before use. With this hand held simple but technologically inventive gadget, the safety of the user is assured. This is because it is able to eliminate the bacteria and other pathogens that may cause illness. This product is therefore suitable in areas that are continually faced with water shortage problems. It is a guarantee of an assisted elimination of illness related to water borne diseases. It is able to purify water in a couple of minutes and therefore ideal for tourists who may not be sure of the water they have for consumption. It can also be used for relief assistance during humanitarian crises like floods to help eliminate water borne disease. Having reviewed the product on offer, it is important to look at the situation in the target country that may make

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay 1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled, Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read The Merck and River Blindness Case at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paper in Microsoft Word. Include your name, the assignment name and number, the course and section number, and the date on your title page. Follow APA guidelines for formatting and citations.. NOTE: Your paper must meet the minimum requirements as outlined in the section of Weekly Written Assignments of the Assignment Guidelines and the grading criteria of this assignment. You are to provide a minimum of 2-3 references in your work. For this assignment, use of general google.com or Internet search references is not acceptable. Use the university librarys scholarly databases. 6. Respond to each of the following questions and statements: Stakeholders: Produce a list of all key stakeholders that you perceive to have a bona fide interest in the Merck companys dilemma. Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid: Frame the Merck companys ethical dilemma within the Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid. E.g. State briefly the key economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. As a focal point, compare and contrast the economic implications against the ethical and philanthropic considerations. Organizational Values: State briefly and specifically whether the decision to a) proceed with the drug project or b) not to proceed with the drug development best fits with the companys declared organizational values and its principles of profitability. Stakeholder Impact and Trust: If the drug development failed and cost hundreds of millions of dollars, would that harm to the company and its stakeholders be justifiable? If Merck decided not to pursue development of the new drug, what implications do you see this having for stakeholder relations such as the scientists who desire the development. E.g. Is this a trust and leadership consideration? Final Decision: If you were the CEO of Merck and the final decision on this risky new drug development was yours, what would you do and why? Justify your decision. Using Carrolls theory, are you comfortable stating your opinion to the board of trustees, employees, and media? NOTE: Since this is an actual, real-life case, your focus should be on producing creative and new thinking that applies the ethical concepts to the material. Also, include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. You are encouraged to use the headings above in Action Item 7 in your paper for organizational purposes. 7. Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. NOTE: Turnitin.com is used by Franklin University to assist students in detecting plagiarism. Turnitin generates a report within minutes of submitting your paper. Your results will not be e-mailed to you; you must login to review your results. Submitting a paper ahead of an assignment deadline provides you with the opportunity to take action if you need to rewrite any part of the paper. Your professor will provide you with a class ID and password as an e-mail or a Class Communication object. Submission Instructions By Sunday, upload your paper using the Submit tool. Grading Criteria Content and focus: Response addressed the question(s) posed in a logical, cohesive manner: 0 35 points Analysis and critical thinking: Writing illustrates higher order critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation: 0 35 points Writing style, grammar, sentence structure: Sentences are consistently clear, concise, well written; grammar and punctuation are correct: 0 15 points APA and research: Correct use of APA style in body of paper and appropriately references the text and/or other research sources: 0 15 points

Alice in Wonderland Artwork by Sigmar Polke: Analysis

Alice in Wonderland Artwork by Sigmar Polke: Analysis Sigmar Polke was creating a wide range of surfaces with various materials, as shown in his 1971 artwork of Alice in Wonderland (Figure 1), which is paint printed on a store bought printed fabric, not a canvas. The artwork is divided into three images. The background shows a soccer game. In the middle and part of the bottom, you notice polka dots covering up some characters. In the front, the audience sees a transparent Alice talking to the smoking caterpillar, who is sitting on the mushroom. As you read Alice in Wonderland, [1] when Alice takes a bite out of the mushroom, she can either grow big or small. This shows that drugs may help the audience for a little bit, but then most of the time, drugs do not help you. Next to the Alice in Wonderland characters in the painting, there is a translucent soccer player. The mixed media art may have been here to tell people, the brain is on drugs when the audience is watching sports. You notice the translucent characters more, since they appear larger than the soccer players. It gives you a depressed and lonely feeling because the translucent characters have no color. It is as though the characters have died and the brain is already dead. The characters being see through indicates they have lost their color; they have lost their soul. Despite having no color, we can still see them; this could indicate they are about to die and be forgotten. The colors of the soccer players are bold because it shows the drugs have sucked up their soul and are going to take over their life. There are splashes of red and yellow on the polka dots. This could mean that not only is your mind confused, it is also messed up. The characters are there, but the audience can barely see them, indicating they could be becoming invisible. Notice how the polka dots only cover up the middle section and a little bit on the bottom because the artist probably wanted to make sure he was covering up Alice, to show her being curious and confused. Alice is watching the caterpillar smoking. The caterpillar faces away from the audience, possibly ashamed of smoking. The artwork has no symmetry. This shows it is not organized because it is supposed to give you confusion. I looked closely at the background and noticed there are many soccer balls, when you only need to play with one. There are also too many players for the soccer game. This is another indication of your brain on drugs with the side effect of having hallucinations and seeing things more than once. [2]Polke used polka dots. This is a pun of the artists name. Using the polka dots is a reference to Sigmar Polkes use of the media and raster dots. The illustrations of the Alice in Wonderland characters are taken from the illustrations by Sir John Tenniel, which were used in Lewis Carrolls 1865 Alice in Wonderland. I feel like there is no true geometric form; even the panels do not look evenly rectangular. The only thing that looks like a perfect shape would be a sphere (the soccer ball). The audience cannot see all of the faces clearly and cannot see their emotion. Since they are hiding their faces, they are probably depressed from taking drugs. The caterpillar is the one taking the drugs. He merely sits, indicating drugs will make everyone lazy. Alice is the bystander, looking up at the caterpillar, wondering if she should try the drugs too. There are no fixed meanings of Sigmar Polke having layers on the image; it shows too many situations. The audience can only interpret what Sigmar Polke is trying to tell us. The picture is showing me if we watch too much television, the mind is going to have a lot of hallucinations between reality and fiction. The Alice in Wonderland characters do not have enough light as the soccer players. The position of the characters are all different. Alice is standing, the caterpillar is sitting and the soccer players are playing. Do the Alice in Wonderland characters have more attention than the soccer players? The pose may be jumpy, yet Sigmar Polke is giving everyone a warning. The use of color in the background and the characters being translucent reveal what happens to the life of a person on drugs; their emotions fade. By not showing the peoples facial expressions, theres an indication they have sold their identity to drugs: they have lost their soul. Alice in Wonderland became quite a humorous visual correspondence using the projection of transparent images onto grounds composed of multiple, contrasting cloths. [3] Thus, the artwork, with its variations from mixed media, suggests the presence, in fabric, of reality versus fantasy with the mind on drugs. 839 words References Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Public Domain, 1898. Davies, Denny, Hofrichter, Jacobs, Roberts, Simon. Jansons History of Art . 8th. Edited by Sarah Touborg. Vol. 2. London: Laurence King Publishing , 2016: 1053. Gintz, Claude. Polkes Slow Dissolve. Art in America, December 1985: 107. Larking, Matthew. artscape Japan.2006. http://www.dnp.co.jp/artscape/eng/focus/0606_02.html.  Ã‚   (Larking n.d.) Figure 1 Sigmar Polke, Alice in Wonderland. 1971. Mixed Media on fabric strips, 106x 86  ¾ ( 3.21.6m). Private Collection, Cologne [4] [1] Carroll Alice in Wonderland Public Domain 1898      [2] Davies, Denny, Hofrichter, Jacobs, Roberts and Simon, Jansons History of Art (Laurence King Publishing, 2016), 1053. [3] Claude Gintz , Polkes Slow Dissolve, Art in America, December 1985, 107. [4] paintersonpaintings. files. wordpress

Hydrogen: The Best Alternative Energy Source Essay -- Hydrogen, An En

Since the human were created, they have always been depending on an external energy source. Before the use of fossil fuel was discovered, people used the sun as their main external energy source. The sun provides heat, light, and photosynthesis for food that the humans and animals need to make their work energy. And it also affects wind and water motion that the humans also use to make power to do heavy work. When the use of fossil fuels was discovered, it enabled the industrial revolution to begin in the early 19th century. And it also made the growth of human population, technologies, and wealth. Since then, the human use the fossil fuels as their main external energy source. That period could well be renamed as the energy revolution. But if we continuously use the fossil fuels as the energy, it will bring a big problem for the human in the future. It is because the continuously use of the fossil fuel threatens our world energy supply and also makes a lot of negative effects to our environment. The world’s demand for energy is predicted to double by 2050 in response to the population growth and the industrialization of developing countries. The supply of fossil fuels is limited by its finite amount within the earth and it will soon become expire if we continuously use it. The longevity of the fossil fuel energy supply is reduced by the energy consumed through its conversion to a suitable energy form in which human use. While global oil and gas reserves are concentrated in a few regions of the world, demand is growing everywhere. As a result of that, the supply of energy for the world in the future is difficult to assure. Beside that, the use of fossil fuels is not good and risks the human’s health. I t is because t... ...More research, attempt, time, and money are needed to actualize the use of hydrogen as the world’s future energy sources. Works Cited Braun, Harry W. The Phoenix Project: Shifting form Oil to Hydrogen. Phoenix: SPI Publications & Productions, 2000. Crabtree, George W., Mildred S. Dresselhaus, and Michelle V. Buchanan. "The Hydrogen Economy." Dec 2004. 12 Oct 2005 . Gorman, Jessica. "Hydrogen: The Next Generation." 12 Oct 2002. 12 Oct 2005 . "Hydrogen Topics." 04 Oct. 2005. U.S. Department of Energy. 12 Oct. 2005 . Weisz, Paul B. "Basic Choices and Constraints on Long−Term Energy Supplies." July 2004. 12 Oct 2005 .

Pestle Analysis for Education

Political| * Schools being privatised (like the NHS) * A government initiative creates the risk that the school may fail to deliver the policy or be diverted away from local priorities etc. * Changes to the skills required to be a teacher/ tutor * Changes to curriculum with short lead times * Requirement to be self managing * Requirement to be self financing| Economic| * Central or local government funding decisions may affect school/ establishment finances * Closure of a local industry may affect fund raising plans etc. Ability of parents to raise funds for optional activities * The need to run breakfast/ after schools clubs * Ability to invest ‘savings/ surpluses’ * Cost of providing resources: * Staff – teaching & support * Basics – books/ paper * Technology solutions laptops etc * Interest rates * Shortages of materials on national/ international markets * Over provision of school places in the area resulting in competition from neighbouring schools * T he risk of highly valued, key staff moving on to more ‘up and coming’ schools/ academies| Social| * Decline in birth rate, reflecting national trends * Local population changes (increasing/ decreasing numbers) * Demographic changes may affect likely pupil rolls or the nature of pupils needs e. g. pupils with English as a second language etc. Closure of local firms providing employment * Inability to attract staff * Social networking – blogs, facebook, twitter * Changes to qualifications expected * Integration with local community * Integration of students with special needs * parental preference – an increase in ‘parent power’ has allowed parents more freedom of choice over their child’s school * the risk of highly valued, key staff moving on to more up-and-coming establishments * Information is accessible to staff anywhere in the world via the Internet * Staff were not given enough training or access to effectively change their habits and how they expected information to be made available| Technological| * Changes to standards/ equipment required * Risk of selecting the wrong technology at times of change (i. e. windows -v- open source) * New computer viruses may affect school/ college operations, * Disturbing/ illegal images on the internet may affect ICT security measures etc. * Move from paper based books to e-book readers * Computer hardware being out of date * Computer software being out of date * Time to anage IT systems  | Legislative| * new legislation may create risks of non-compliance with the law, create new administrative burdens etc * Changes to child protection legislation * Raise the age of school leaving age * Raise/ lower the age of starting school. Nursery/ kindergarten * Change to school opening hours * Changes to funding of charity based organisations * Health & safety legislation| Environmental| * A new highway layout near the school may create new dangers for pupils etc * Waste disposal * Reduction of green space available for activities * Changes to local bus routes * Using a significant amounts of paper and photocopier toner to produce printed information. |

Foundations for physiotherapy practice The WritePass Journal

Foundations for physiotherapy practice Introduction Foundations for physiotherapy practice IntroductionConclusionReferencingRelated Introduction   This essay will explore the disease COPD and explain the systemic effects that the disease has on the body as a whole. Exercise is investigated in the essay and shows how it may change the quality of life of a patient and decrease certain symptoms of COPD; it will also explain the negative effects that inactivity may cause a patient with COPD. There is varies interventions used to make living with COPD more tolerable for patients. It talks about how exercise benefits the body by decreasing dyspnoea, how increasing the body’s muscle strength will relieve fatigue and decrease the respiratory demand. The affects of exercising on anxiety and depression are examined also. The physiotherapists role will be included detailing all the different techniques that they use for treatment including breathing control, airway clearance, inspiratory muscle training which helps with inspiratory endurance and strength and improving mobility. Finally the important of upper body and strength e xercises will be questioned as to how it helps with improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe somebody who suffers from both Chronic bronchitis (Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (the airways of the lungs) and emphysema (Emphysema is damage to the smaller airways and air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs). COPD is the term most preferred but you may also hear it called COLD (chronic obstructive lung disease) or COAD (chronic obstructive airway disease). Pulmonary means affecting the lungs. COPD causes a chronic (ongoing) cough with phlegm, is rare before the age of 35 and there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways is limited as a result. (patient.co.uk, 2010) As before COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is two disorders in one emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Bronchitis affects the airways with inflammation narrowing the airway sometimes with phlegm. Chronic bronchitis is a mor e specific condition and it is defined by the amount of phlegm that a person has coughed up over a particular time frame. To be described as chronic bronchitis a person has to be coughing up phlegm every morning for at least 3 consecutive months within a period of at least two years. Chronic bronchitis is mostly caused by cigarette smoking it can also occur form environmental factors. Emphysema is the other disorder you must be diagnosed with to be diagnosed with COPD. Emphysema affects your alveoli which are the little sacs of air at the end of bronchiole in your lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. These are normally made from a very elastic tissue so that they can expand when air fills the lungs. In emphysema, large numbers of the alveoli have been destroyed and there is much less area where gaseous exchange can take place so although people can breathe in it cannot get into the bloodstream. (Miles and Roberts, 2005, PP.1-3) Another systemic effect of COPD is the effect on the musculoskeletal system because of the breathlessness which reduces your exercise capacity which has a knock on effect. When you don’t exercise it has adverse effects on your body muscle wastage and weakening means you may become breathless easier as you will have less muscle and/or strength to perform the same tasks and will require more effort and put more metabolic demand on your body compared to if you had stronger muscles. Muscle weakness whatever the cause has severe consequences, including exercise limitation, reduced quality of life, more of a demand for healthcare assistance and its resources and more severely reduced survival. Physical de-conditioning may lead to a marked decrease in a patient’s ability to cope with activities of daily living, finding even the simplest of tasks to be leaving them breathless, consequently leading to a decrease in quality of life and also decreased survival. It is apparent that systemic manifestations are typical in COPD. Granted, many patients demonstrate a gradual and significant weight loss that exacerbates the course and prognosis of disease. This weight loss is also accompanied by peripheral muscle dysfunction and weakness. (Decramer, M. Et al. 2005, PP. s3-s10) With COPD it is not just the physical effects that play a role in the disease there are neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety which are more common in people with COPD. Depression in people with COPD rises with an increase in hypoxemia, carbon dioxide levels or dyspnoea. Hypoxemia may be a substantial cause in the development of depression and anxiety in COPD due to brain injury; however oxygen therapy results in little or no improvement in the severity of the depression. Another cause of morbidity of depression and anxiety is negative self-perception and restrictions in behavioural functioning due to reduced physical capacity. (Armstrong 2010 PP. 132) Although the COPD patient population is proven to be more depressed than the general medical population, it is not more anxious, the levels of anxiety observed in the general medical or surgical population on the wards were very similar to those observed in the COPD population. Despite the similarities compared to the other wards the anxiety levels are still high compared to the population without any disease or disorder. (Light, R, W.et al. 1985, PP.35-38) COPD patients with psychiatric conditions spend twice as much time in hospital compared to those without depression and anxiety. It is also found that the quality of life of COPD patients can be impaired in all dimensions compared to those without depression and anxiety, high impact was seen both on walking around, mobility, sleep and rest. (MIKKELSEN, R, L. 2004, PP.65-70) Anxious patients tend to have quite significantly shorter pre-rehabilitation exercise capacity compared with non-anxious patients as do patients with increased depression compared with those who are not depressed. Patients following a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. Patients with higher star ting anxiety level show a significantly larger increase their exercise capacity than those who start off with lower anxiety levels. Exercise rehabilitation is shown to produce clear improvements in anxiety and depression and to some extent reduces the number of patients with high anxiety and depression compared to no intervention. So exercise benefits COPD suffers with anxiety and depression at least as much as do those with lower levels. (Nicholas, Rudkin, and White, 1999, PP. 362-365) COPD has effects on the cardiovascular system by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to three-fold. Several different studies have shown that the function of endothelial in COPD is abnormal in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The means that underlie these abnormalities are also unclear. It is obvious that tobacco smoking is a shared risk factor for both COPD and cardiovascular disease. Although, it is possible that there are other factors which may quite substantially increase the cardiovascular risk of patients with COPD. With this in mind, many authors agree that the persistent, low-grade, systemic inflammation that occurs in COPD may contribute further to the pathobiology of these cardiovascular abnormalities in COPD. If true, this may have substantial therapeutic implications in the management of these patients because anti-inflammatory therapy would be beneficial not only for the chronic inflammatory process which their lungs are undergoing but also for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (AgustÄ ±Ã‚ ´, 2005, 367-370.) It is shown that the leading causes of mortality in those with COPD are cardiovascular in nature. Cardiovascular causes are listed as the main cause of death in nearly 50% of the cases, Nevertheless, this data, suggest that a large proportion of patients with COPD die from cardiovascular complications.   (Sin and Man, 2005, p8-11) The impact on cardiovascular function in COPD is mainly due to the increased right ventricular afterload caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting from the structural changes that take place in the pulmonary circulation with the disease One of the most beneficial treatments for COPD and its symptoms is exercise; exercise is proven to have a beneficial effect on your body compared to not exercising. By exercising you significantly increase your muscle strength and endurance. This means muscle dystrophy and atrophy are stopped and even reversed. You see a significant increase in endurance when you walk also as a result of exercising regularly and it also promotes increased efficiency of peripheral muscle oxygen extraction after muscle training, with less contribution from anaerobic (lactic acid) metabolism during exercise. (Clark, Cochrane, and Mackay, 1996, PP. 2590-2596) Aerobic capacity (VO2max) or maximum oxygen uptake is decreased with patients presenting with COPD, due to this the body starts to utilise the anaerobic energy system, this means that for walking the same distance as a normal person you will be utilising the phosphate and the lactic acid system which use less oxygen therefore your muscles fatigue easier. Lactate or metabolic threshold (VO2u) is known as exercise intensity with a sustained increase in blood lactate that cannot be prevented. Lactate threshold may be elevated by as much as 100% of its resting value by successful aerobic training in a normal subject. A de-conditioned individual there for has the potential for a significantly greater improvement in VO2max and VO2u with exercise training. When effective, this modality of physical reconditioning leads to improved functional exercise capacity and reduced breathlessness. Early implementation is desirable to obtain more meaningful responses. (COOPER, 2001, PP. S671-s679) Upper extremity exercise is also important for people who suffer from COPD as they are restricted in the amount of upper body exertion they can achieve even as much as to elevate their arm may cause dyspnoea and increased respiratory demands. It is shown that during unsupported arm exercise the respiratory muscles of the rib cage work actively help to maintain the posture of the upper torso and extended arms; due to this they decrease their roll in respiration in COPD patients. Therefore dyspnoea is worse with arm exercise than it is with leg exercise at the same total body oxygen consumption, suggesting that the load borne by the other inspiratory muscles must increase for the same level of increasing ventilation. (Grazzini, 2005, PP. 1403-1412) The increased demands even during a simple arm elevation may play a role in the development of the patient’s dyspnoea.   The limitation that occurs is a major problem that patients report when performing daily living activities involving the arms. It is important to apply an intervention of exercise training to try help. An upper extremity training regime for patients with COPD results in a reduction of ventilation requirements which will allow patients with COPD to perf orm sustained upper extremity activity with considerably less dyspnoea. A comprehensive pulmonary rehab programme that includes arm exercises, results in reduced metabolic and ventilator requirements for a simple arm lift. The addition of such training has been shown to improve upper extremity exercise endurances. Subjects who are in the early stages or whom are less severe may tolerate these increased loads without difficulty, whereas in severely obstructed patients with minimal reserve, increased ventilatory exertion and the associated recruitment of the diaphragm may contribute to increased dyspnoea. Although has some beneficial effects in this and most other studies to date, ventilatory capacity does not improve in terms of pulmonary function tests nor does fev or fev1. Additionally there is no cross over benefit to arm exercises or lower body exercises so it is important to incorporate both into a pulmonary rehabilitation for a patient with COPD to seek maximum benefit from the program. (Couser, Martinez and Celli, 1993, PP. 37-41) With COPD muscle wastage is quite common and 25% of all patients suffer from it. Muscle weakness and wastage also has adverse effects on fatigue. Leg fatigue for example limits patients with COPD in exercise. Normally the perception for muscle fatigue is higher in people with weak leg muscles than to those who are said to have strong legs. Patients with stronger muscles are said to have better exercise capacity this is true for people without COPD. Quadriceps strength has been found to have a significant effect on exercise capacity. So it is said that â€Å"leg fatigue is inversely proportional to leg muscle strength†. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Strength training is also appealing because it improves muscle strength and mass much better compared to aerobic training. In addition strength training causes less dyspnoea in the exercise period compared to aerobic training. Because of this it may be easier to tolerate for patients with severe cases of COPD. The re are different types of strength training can be used depending on the desired objective or the condition the patient is in. The different types are strength training where you are lifting between (90-100%) of one rep max (RM) this is using low repetitions with high weight which ameliorates strength, whereas when you use a lower weight and higher repetitions you work at a lower intensity for more reps which works on endurance. Moderate intensity work at (10-12) reps performed at 60-80% of one RM is ideal for patients with COPD as it fulfils the objective of building muscle strength and endurance while avoiding the likelihood of muscle injury which is common in high weight low repetition work. It is important to have your medication and a partner. This is important because, effectively, you may become disabled due to your breathlessness. (Bourbeau, Nault, and Borycki, 2002, PP.190-191) Physiotherapists address many of the symptoms of COPD like reducing the work of breathing, promoting clearance of the airways, improving mobility and promoting rehabilitation. Promoting successful management of these complex patients is in two parts: the accurate assessment of the patient to identify clear goals of treatment and team work, which underpins a thorough knowledge of the individual patient. (Mikelsons, 2008, PP. 2-7) There are three main techniques which may improve the efficiency of your breathing, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing and paced breathing. These three techniques encourage complete emptying of your lungs and slower, deeper breaths, which will improve the efficiency of your breathing and encourages control of your breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing involves encouraging patients to move the abdominal wall predominantly during inspiration with reduction of rib cage movement and inhale slowly and deeply, in order to improve chest wall movement and the distribution of ventilation, decrease the work of breathing and improve exercise capacity. By utilizing the main muscle of inspiration, the diaphragm, it encourages relaxation of smaller, less efficient respiratory muscles. Using the diaphragm allows more air to move into the lungs with each breath which makes each breath more efficient. Diaphragmatic breathing also decreases the work of breathing by reducing the use smaller, less efficient muscles of the neck and shoulders. (NYU Medical Centre 1997). Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) has been claimed, but not demonstrated, to correct abnormal chest wall motion, in turn decrease the work of breathing (WOB) and dyspnoea and improve ventilation distribution. (Vitacca et al., 1998) Pursed lip breathing is commonly used in COPD patients as it is thought to alleviate dyspnoea. (Spahija, de Marchie, and Grassino, 2005, PP. 640-650) PLB is done by breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth against a resistance created by pursing the lips, this helps to prevent airway collapse. PLB helps you exhale more completely because it slows your respiratory rate and helps to keep your airways open longer. It has been shown that by performing PLB during exertion can lead to a reduction in respiratory rate and increased recovery rate compared with spontaneous breathing PLB can be used just prior to and during activities that have made you short of breath in the past.. PLB during exertion may therefore be a useful addition to the breathless patient’s regime and may be taught as a strategy to reduce respiratory rate of patients with COPD. It is good to use PLB when walking on inclines, up stairs and during any exercise or exertion. Despite the exercises being effective in reducing respiratory rate and decreasing work of breathing it is of note that it has been shown that fatigue of the diaphragm may develop earlier when using slow, deep breathing, but no differences in dyspnoea or exercise tolerance were found.12 R. Garrod, K. Dallimore and J. Cook et al., An evaluation of the acute impact of pursed lips breathing on walking distance in nonspontaneous pursed lips breathing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, Chronic Respir Dis 2 (2) (2005), pp. 67–72. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (12) Paced breathing involves coordinating your breathing pattern with the activity you are doing. For example, when walking on level surfaces breathe in for a count of 2 steps and out for a count of 4 steps. This will help regulate your breathing reducing anxiety and promote good relaxed and controlled breathing allowing you to continue with your activity. Physiotherapists prescribe Breathing exercises l ike Diaphragmatic breathing, breathing control and pursed lip breathing are to relieve breathlessness and promote relaxation. (NYU Medical Centre, 1997) Physiotherapists also teach a techniques called airway clearance techniques the most popular being called active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) which is used for acute exarberations of COPD during exercise. This technique is done by using an alternating depth of breathing to move phlegm from the small airways at the bottom of your lungs to the larger airways near the top where they can be cleared more easily with huffing/coughing in turn making it easier to breath by removing obstructions. ACBT is used by 88% of physiotherapists to treat acute exarberations of COPD. (Connolly and Yohannes 2007 pp. 110-113) Airway clearance techniques have a variety of different techniques such as the ACBT which has been explained, forced expiration technique (FET), and postural drainage (PD). PD is when the physiotherapist puts the patient in positions which make it easier to remove sputum because the cilia are damaged and cannot aid in its clearance of sputum. FET is used instead of coughing to re move sputum, it is found to be more effective than coughing. The main indicator for determining which of the techniques to use of any airway clearance technique is how much sputum they can clear while coughing independently. This will be a key indicator for a patient in the self-management of their disease and patients will be taught modifications of their airway clearance regime during an acute exacerbation by their physiotherapist. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) Physiotherapists may prescribe inspiratory muscle training (IMT) which has been used for co-ordination of respiratory muscles allows maximization of the use of abdominal muscles as inspiratory accessory muscles and has been proven to show benefits in exercise tolerance, Inspiratory muscle endurance and strength, breathlessness and improve quality of life. (Mikelsons, 2008 pgs 2-7) state that by including IMT in an exercise programme it has been shown to increase maximal inspiratory pressure, perception of breathlessness and health-related quality of life.50 R. Magadle, A.K. McConnell, M. Beckerman and P. Weiner, Inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary rehabilitation programme in COPD patients, Respir Med 101 (2007), pp. 1500–1505. Article | PDF (465 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (8) High-intensity IMT has also been shown to produce beneficial reductions in dyspnoea and fatigue in COPD patients. Usually a physiotherapist would prescribe training that would ta ke place over 6 to 9 weeks using   from 30 to 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure depending on the patient and how much they can manage, this differs from person to person. Another study by (Lotters et al., 2002 pp. 570-577) also had positive results and stated that IMT alone significantly improves inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, whereas the sensation of dyspnoea significantly decreases in patients with COPD. Although there are no significant additional effects of IMT on exercise performance IMT plus general exercise reconditioning has strong significant training effects on inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, especially in patients with inspiratory muscle weakness. In addition, a clinically significant decrease in dyspnoea sensation at rest and during exercise is also a result of IMT. Conclusion In conclusion there is an array of benefits of exercise training demonstrated in the essay which include, increase in exercise capacity, decrease in breathlessness, substantial changes in health related quality of life, decrease in anxiety, and improvements in depression. It has been shown that the inclusion of strength training is also necessary in the exercise prescription to help reduce fatigue; it has shown benefits in relief of respiratory demand in turn reducing dyspnoea. When evaluating anxiety and depression, there have been studies that show a higher rate of depression and anxiety in COPD patients than the general public. In comparison with the general medical population the rate of anxiety was not proven to be higher but much the same, although the level of depression in patients with COPD tended to be higher due to the disease having a reduced physical capacity and knowing that it will gradually get worse. Although by including a pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD, patients show a statistically significant fall in both anxiety and depression as they progress in their program, with no patients showing any increases in either depression or anxiety. The inclusion of IMT used by physiotherapists combined with an exercise program has been shown to significantly increase in inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory muscle endurance leading to the reduction of dyspnoea. Combining all of these techniques help in the management of COPD however it has to be said that although exercise improves certain symptoms of COPD, there still a null outcome when it comes to improvements in lung function (FEV1 or FEV). Referencing AgustÄ ±Ã‚ ´ A. G. N. (2005) Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American thoracic society, 2 (4), 367-370. Armstrong, C. L. Ed. (2010) Handbook of medical neuropsychology: applications of cognitive neuroscience. New York: Springer. Bourbeau, J. Nault, D. and Borycki, E. (2002) Comprehensive management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canada:   BC Decker Inc. Clark, C.J. Cochrane, L. and Mackay, E. (1996) Low intensity peripheral muscle conditioning improves exercise tolerance and breathlessness in COPD. European respiratory journal, 9 (12), 2590-2596 Connolly, M. J. and Yohannes A. M. (2007) A national survey: percussion, vibration, shaking and active cycle breathing techniques used in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiotherapy, 93 (2), 110-113. COOPER C. B. (2001) Exercise in chronic pulmonary disease: aerobic exercise prescription. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise.   33 (7), S671-s679. Couser, Jr. J. I. Martinez, F. J. and Celli, B. R. (1993) Pulmonary rehabilitation that includes arm exercise reduces metabolic and ventilatory requirements for simple arm elevation. CHEST, 103 (1), 37-41. Decramer, M. et al. (2005) Systemic effects of COPD. Respiratory medicine, 99 (2), S3-s10. Grazzini, M. (2005) Pathophysiology of exercise dyspnea in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory medicine, 99(11), 1403-1412. Light, R. W. et al. (1985) Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with COPD. Relationship to functional capacity. Chest, 87 (1), 35-38. Lotters, F. et al (2002), Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis. European respiratory journal, 20 (3), 570-577. Miles, J. And Roberts, J. (2005) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1st ed London: Class publishing. Mikelsons, M. (2008), The role of physiotherapy in the management of COPD, COPD update: Respiratory medicine, 4(1), 2-7. MIKKELSEN, R. L. (2004) Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, A review. European respiratory society, 58 (1)65-70. Nicholas, J. Rudkin, S. T. and White, R. J. (1999) Anxiety and Depression in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 19 (6), 362-365. NYU Medical Center (1997) COPD AND EXERCISE   [ONLINE]. Available at; http://pfrc.med.nyu.edu/handouts/pdf/proced/copdexer.pdf [Accessed 20 April 2011] Patient.co.uk (2010) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [ONLINE]. Available at; patient.co.uk/health/Chronic-Obstructive-Pulmonary-Disease.htm [Accessed 18 August 2011] Sin, D. D. and Paul Man S. F. (2005) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality. The American thoracic society, 2(1) 8-11. Spahija, J. de Marchie, M. and Grassino, A. (2005) Effects of Imposed Pursed-Lips Breathing on Respiratory Mechanics and Dyspnea at Rest and During Exercise in COPD. Chest,128 (2), 640-650. Vitacca, et al., (1998) Acute effects of deep diaphragmatic breathing in COPD patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. European respiratory journal, 11 (2), 408-415.

Jean Baptiste Moliere essays

Jean Baptiste Moliere essays JEAN-BAPTISTE POQUELIN MOLIÈRE16221673From The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces Vol. 2, 7th edition, ed. Maynard Mack, et. al. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1999) Son of a prosperous Paris merchant, Jean-Baptiste Molire (originally named Poquelin) devoted his entire adult life to the creation of stage illusion, as playwright and as actor. At about the age of twenty-five, he joined a company of traveling players established by the Bjart family; with them he toured the provinces for about twelve years. In 1658 the company was ordered to perform for Louis XIV in Paris; a year later, Molires first great success, The High-Brow Ladies (Les Prcieuses ridicules), was produced. The theatrical company to which he belonged, patronized by the king, became increasingly successful, developing finally (1680) into the Comdie Franà §aise. In 1662, Molire married Armande Bjart. He died a few hours after performing in the lead role of his own play The Imaginary Invalid. Molire wrote both broad far ce and comedies of character, in which he caricatured some form of vice or folly by embodying it in a single figure. His targets included the miser, the aspiring but vulgar middle class, female would-be intellectuals, the hypochondriac, and in Tartuffe, the religious hypocrite. In Tartuffe (1664), as in his other plays, Molire employs classic comic devices of plot and characterhere, a foolish, stubborn father blocking the course of young love; an impudent servant commenting on her superiors actions; a happy ending involving a marriage facilitated by implausible means. He often uses such devices, however, to comment on his own immediate social scene, imagining how universal patterns play themselves out in a specific historical context. Tartuffe had contemporary relevance so transparent that the Catholic Church forced the king to ban it, although Molire managed to have it publishe...

The City of Ember Essays

The City of Ember Essays The City of Ember Paper The City of Ember Paper Lina- main character of the story, portrays significance in her role as one of the main personality in discovering the mystery of the â€Å"City of Ember†, and lead the story in an act of escape from the underworld with her friend doon. Doon-plays another major character in the story, whereas, he and his friendship as messenger with the people of the city of ember, lead to discovering clues in which he himself was surprised to discover the mystery behind the 200 plus years old underground city. Other Characters th Mayor- significantly acted to be guilty in leading the story into its plot scenic as chaotic, near destruction scenario; connived with Looper in saving food and supplies for themselves; Characterized as to linked with the box of clues transferred from one generation to another and depicted to have open it to discover the message on how to escape from underground. Ms. Murdo- live with Lina and her sister, her character is linked to the story as the one who received the message of LIna on how to get up from the underground. Plot Summary The Builders of Ember, fearing an apocalyptic event, built the city to ensure that humans would continue to exist. Later we discover that the Builders planned that future generations would grow up with no knowledge of a world outside, so that they (would) feel no sorrow for what they have lost. The city was designed to last no longer than 220 years, at the conclusion of which the citizens of Ember were to receive instructions contained in a time-locked box held by the mayor that described how to leave the city. However, over the course of 241 years, the box has popped open and been mislaid. The people of Ember have no knowledge of what lies beyond their electric flood lamps. Most believe that Ember is the only light in a dark world. Many fear that despite their relentless recycling efforts the city of Ember is slowly dying. When the antiquated generator begins to plunge the entire city unexpectedly into blackouts, two young people begin to search for answers to the blackouts, the food shortages, and the lessoning of the town’s seemingly inexhaustible consumer supplies. Lina obtains a job as messenger and travels the town, learning the true nature of the city’s shortages and of the people’s fears. In the course of her job Lina also discovers that some powerful people are taking advantage of their positions and hoarding supplies for themselves. Doon obtains a job working as a pipeworks laborer and learns that the generator is in a decrepit condition. When Lina discovers the damaged fragments of the Builder’s document that contains instructions for leaving Ember, she and Doon decide to work together to decipher the message. Before they can share their discovery with everyone, the corrupt Mayor tries to withhold the information and destroy their hard work. Lina and Doon escape from the Mayor and the city of Ember in a small boat following the Builder’s deciphered instructions. They arrive above ground where they witness their first sunrise. In their hurry to escape, however, they neglected to pass on the exit instructions to their friends in Ember. Finding a crevasse, they crawl through and drop the instruction wrapped in Doon’s jacket to the city far below. Personal Impressions and Conclusion The story of the â€Å" City of Ember† is a mystery considerably fictional to my knowledge, living for 200 years far below underground, in which portrays some known stories written and directed even through movies. However, the story offers a little more exciting as in the plot has strategic sequencing and transition from one phase of the story to another, for that it is commendable. The characters have translated its importance as to their roles in the story. It is also good to note the simplicity of the story in depicting the characters and events in the language simple yet consistent. Meanwhile, the ending of the story seems to fail and sustain the suspense of the story. It just ended purposely leading readers thought it in series, but generally, the story is good and still commendable to be recommended for further readings.

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 7

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, doe - Essay Example Selective provision of reference for former employees could contravene the Equality Act 2010 (the Act) if such an exercise amounts to discrimination. In cases where an employer does not offer a reference, it is bound by a duty of care to the former employee. The duty requires the former employer to exercise reasonable care in the processing of accurate, truthful, clear, and fair references (Sam, 2004). Employers also have a duty to fellow employer. In executing this duty, Austen-Baker (2011) notes that a former employer may offer a detailed or a brief reference; however, the content must contain all the necessary information that leaves no room for speculation. Any employer who fails on this may be liable for negligent misrepresentation of facts (Gergen, 2013). Such an employer may also be vulnerable to tort of deceit charges. Detrimental treatment The Act provides important safeguards against victimisation of an individual who files a case against a former employer or has volunteere d evidence in trial under the statute or filed a claim for violation of the statute (Elder, and Gerdes, 2007). Before the Act was enacted, the English common law had ensured that immunity against whistle-blowers and victims was in place. For instance, the House of Lords verdict in the case of Rhys-Harper v Relaxation Group plc [2003] IRLR 484, directed that employees should be cushioned against victimisation such as an employer’s denial of reference in connection to an earlier engagement. Marson (2013) has pointed out that Section 108 of the statute precisely leaves out issues to do with detrimental treatment where an employer-employee relationship has ended. Even though the motive behind Parliament’s decision to leave out victimisation claims after the end of an employment relationship could be seen as an error, the alleged gap is consistent with placing no duty on an employer to give reference to a former employee. Authorities Various examples of the UK case law have not been consistent on victimization of former employees. In the case of Ono v Akwiku (2012), the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) issued a verdict to the effect that it is legal for ex-employees to file for a claim for detrimental treatment under the Equality Act 2010. The ruling may have been informed by the fact that some employees are victims of unfair dismissal and subsequent victimization. Regardless of the reasoning, the EAT verdict contradicts the outcomes of the case of Rowstock Ltd & another v Jessemey (2013). In the latter case, the EAT held that Mr Rowstock could not be remedied for victimisation, following his receipt of a bad reference from his ex-employer. The claimant had alleged age discrimination as victimisation (Marson, 2013). The EAT's ruling was informed by the literal rule of  §108 of the Act, which could not be construed to arrive at a different meaning (Gergen, 2013). In the case of Ono v Atwiku, the petitioner, a domestic employee filed for a claim again st her ex-employers citing detrimental treatment which happened after the engagement between the two parties had ended. In its decision, as Marson (2013) states, the EAT sought to correct the ruling in Jessemey, by arguing that it would not be proper to bring claims of victimization against the former employer after they had gone separate ways. Legal absurdity In spite of the correction of the ruling on the former case

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 24

International Business - Essay Example An international firm implements various strategies such as Geocentric, regiocentric and ethnocentric in addressing challenges faced by them in managing their diverse workforce. Many challenges are faced by MNCs in addressing global workforce management issues. These issues are found related to ethnocentrism, expatriation and poor knowledge transfer. MNCs are finding out ways to manage complex global structures in the context of international HRM and knowledge management. International human resource management (IHRM) wholly spotlights on controlling human resources in the global organizations. It is understood to be the process of performing HRM activities such as recruiting, compensating, organizational expansion, performance evaluation, employee motivation in the global context (Dowling, Festing and Engle Sr, 2008). IHRM is considered to be a complex procedure in many MNCs. The international operations of MNCs have many complexities which are often underestimated by the firms and hence it can be gathered that firms tend to overlook the relevance of IHRM. The failure of the business in global environment is a result of faulty human resource management practices. Increasing international competition among the organizations has led to the increasing importance of developing IHRM practices. There is a shortage of international managers which serves to be a problematic situation for the international firms (Quintanilla and Ferner, 2003). The MNCs fails to realise that the success and failure of the firm depends on how efficiently a firm applies its human resource management strategies. In order to achieve organizational goals, the MNCs need to fabricate integration among the human resource practices of its subsidiary firms located in different parts of the world (Tsai, 2001). The MNCs requires ensuring a considerable amount of flexibility in their IHRM

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Accounting - Essay Example Secondly, Haas School of business is consistently ranked among the top 20 business schools in the country and they cannot sustain this position if they lose their topnotch business faculty. The feasible and non-feasible options to resolve the situation again depends upon how things develop in the course of time and I will use the option based on priorities. My topmost priority will be to maintain the top 20 ranking of the School. In order to achieve that, I will increase the pay of the concerned faculty by 20% to retain them. The source of funds through which the payments are made is extremely important because certain rules and regulations will be attached to these funds regarding its application and disbursement. Moreover certain funds or grants would have been earmarked for a specific purpose or project and hence they cannot be used for any other purpose. But if the payments are not made from a grant or restricting financial source then such payments for a program can be made provided it is approved in the budget and within the overall budget of the organization. If the supplementary payments for faculty are for compensation for program and curriculum development then different set of rules should apply for processing payments for such kind of program. But if the faculty members have not completed any additional tasks to avail the compensation and it is not possible to determine who actually received the benefits from the program, then following are duties and responsibilities of the persons concerned. 2. Faculty members should be severely reprimanded and proper action should be also taken against them according university rules as they have not done any work for curriculum development program to deserve compensation. 3. University administrators should be made accountable for approving the idea, as they are bound to check the relevant records and

One ought to never do wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One ought to never do wrong - Essay Example Socrates argued that if a person does harm unintentionally and is willing to learn, then, he or she can be assisted through education. However, if harm is accused by malice, then punishment should be inevitable. Socrates argues that anyone who acts unjust is a dishonor to himself. Socrates touches on the issue of avenging where he argues that returning evil in retaliation is not meaningful as it does not lead to any gains, rather, it leaves a more humiliated soul (Ahbel-Rappe and Kamtekar 15). This implies that one should be guided by morals of not harming or injuring anyone. Respecting ones beliefs is emphasized by Socrates. He insists that one must do what he or she thinks is right. The right ‘thing’ must prevail regardless of what people think or desire. In a nutshell, Socrates advices that a morally upright person is not supposed to forsake his principles just because he has been

Enterprise in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterprise in practice - Essay Example These models can be used in practice in order to assess the viability of an opportunity under specific market conditions. The first of these models, the SWOT analysis, provides a detailed view of the internal and the external environment of the organization. SWOT analysis focuses on the identification and the evaluation of the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Earley et al. 2000). The two first elements of SWOT analysis, i.e. the strengths and weaknesses refer to the internal organizational environment; in opposition, opportunities and threats reflect the organization’s external environment (Adler et al. 2008). ... al conditions; moreover, secondary data describing the organization’s external environment would be also used (for instance, statistical data referring to the performance of the industry in which the organization operates or the trends of the particular industry regarding specific business decisions, e.g. mergers and acquisitions); it would be preferable that the information referring to the organization’s external environment is relevant to the opportunity the viability of which has been set under examination; for example, if the development of a strategic alliance between a specific organization and a well known organization of its industry is planned, then the performance of similar strategic decisions within the particular industry would be examined; an alternative method for generating ideas, along with the use of SWOT analysis, would be the focus groups, which would offer the following advantage: through the open discussion on a series of important issues, ideas c ould be developed in regard to the opportunity under evaluation; b) furthermore, the ideas generating through the above process – or processes, in case that both the processes suggested above are used – should be carefully preserved, in order to be further processed; the use of a notebook would be useful ensuring that the ideas generating will be not in risk – referring to the potential loss of ideas if they are stored in a database/ PC accessed by third persons, c) at the next level, the PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors) would be used in order to identify additional risks in the organization’s external environment; PEST analysis refers to different elements of the organization’s external environment and for this reason it should be used along with SWOT

Individual case analysis-globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual case analysis-globalisation - Essay Example But still, administrative mismanagement and oppression by different company results in political anomalies. The Flow of foreign money in the country’s economy results in making it the tenth largest economy in the world in terms of the nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. There is a definite regulatory framework for the foreign investors with a consolidated FDI policy. Still there is an absence of strict intellectual property rights that’s need to be addressed by the foreign investors as well as the Indian Government to promote further FDI development. Singh, L. 2010. LEGAL ISSUES ON FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN INDIA. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/LEGAL-ISSUES-ON-FOREIGN-INVESTMENTS-IN-INDIA-2697.asp#.UxhQ3z-SyX9. [Accessed on March 06, 2014]. 12 India, a country once referred to as a place where restriction on business is everything has now undergone several changes. This is due to the number policy initiatives that were taken to boost the country’s economy. The liberalization and globalization of foreign direct investment in India commenced during the year 1991 and the easing of restrictions on foreign companies interested in doing business in this country have acted as a catalyst to promote the country’s attractiveness. India’s liberalization process in the early 1990s has acted as a strong motivational force for the Indian firms to expand their business in other markets as well as foreign firms to do their business in India. According to Mr. P. Chidambaram, the then finance minister of India, â€Å"FDI worked wonders in China and can do so in India† (Indian Express, November 11, 2005). Government’s consolidated FDI policy and their rule changes related to foreign investment issues has c hanged the country’s economic structure. Inflow of foreign money in the country resulted in growth of country’s

One ought to never do wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One ought to never do wrong - Essay Example Socrates argued that if a person does harm unintentionally and is willing to learn, then, he or she can be assisted through education. However, if harm is accused by malice, then punishment should be inevitable. Socrates argues that anyone who acts unjust is a dishonor to himself. Socrates touches on the issue of avenging where he argues that returning evil in retaliation is not meaningful as it does not lead to any gains, rather, it leaves a more humiliated soul (Ahbel-Rappe and Kamtekar 15). This implies that one should be guided by morals of not harming or injuring anyone. Respecting ones beliefs is emphasized by Socrates. He insists that one must do what he or she thinks is right. The right ‘thing’ must prevail regardless of what people think or desire. In a nutshell, Socrates advices that a morally upright person is not supposed to forsake his principles just because he has been

Individual case analysis-globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual case analysis-globalisation - Essay Example But still, administrative mismanagement and oppression by different company results in political anomalies. The Flow of foreign money in the country’s economy results in making it the tenth largest economy in the world in terms of the nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. There is a definite regulatory framework for the foreign investors with a consolidated FDI policy. Still there is an absence of strict intellectual property rights that’s need to be addressed by the foreign investors as well as the Indian Government to promote further FDI development. Singh, L. 2010. LEGAL ISSUES ON FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN INDIA. [Online]. Available at: http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/LEGAL-ISSUES-ON-FOREIGN-INVESTMENTS-IN-INDIA-2697.asp#.UxhQ3z-SyX9. [Accessed on March 06, 2014]. 12 India, a country once referred to as a place where restriction on business is everything has now undergone several changes. This is due to the number policy initiatives that were taken to boost the country’s economy. The liberalization and globalization of foreign direct investment in India commenced during the year 1991 and the easing of restrictions on foreign companies interested in doing business in this country have acted as a catalyst to promote the country’s attractiveness. India’s liberalization process in the early 1990s has acted as a strong motivational force for the Indian firms to expand their business in other markets as well as foreign firms to do their business in India. According to Mr. P. Chidambaram, the then finance minister of India, â€Å"FDI worked wonders in China and can do so in India† (Indian Express, November 11, 2005). Government’s consolidated FDI policy and their rule changes related to foreign investment issues has c hanged the country’s economic structure. Inflow of foreign money in the country resulted in growth of country’s

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Example for Free

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Using the Center for Writing Excellence and MyFoundationsLab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. †¢ Topic sentence: Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. †¢ Informal outline: 1. Explain how obesity affects the childs physical health. 2. Explain how obesity affects the childs mental health. 3. Give ideas of how parents can be involved in the change of habits in the obese child. 5. Summarize why obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child, physically, and mentally as well. An obese child is at risk of having health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and strokes as an adult, if he or she is not treated in an early age. An overweight child can be a target for bullying at school, making his or her social life poor, creating anxiety, depression, and lowering their self esteem. The parents play an important role in the life of an obese child. does not matter if the child is obese because a genetic factor, or just because his or her does not have a proper eating habit, the condition it is treatable. Encourage the child to follow a healthy diet, being an example for him or her, and being supportive, are examples of how a parent can be involve in the life of an obese child. Taking obesity in a child seriously, and trying to find ways to improve this condition, are the first steps to a better future in an obese childs life.

Assembling personal computer’s hardware and software

Assembling personal computer’s hardware and software Assembling the Personal Computer Firstly, you will assemble the case. You will need to install the power supply, the motherboard, Graphic card, Microprocessor, Main Memory, Hard disk drive, Network Interface Card and so on are stand offs to hold in the motherboard. You will also need to connect some wires to the motherboard You will need to unwrap the motherboard and microprocessor chip. The chip will have one marked corner that aligns with another marked corner of its socket on the motherboard. Align the corners and drop the microprocessor into the socket. You dont need to apply any pressure if its aligned correctly, it should fall into place. Once you have it in, cinch it down with lever arm Second, you will need to install the heat sink. The CPU box will contain a manual that tells you how to do it. The heat sink will contain either a heat sink sticker or heat sink grease to use when mounting the heat sink on the CPU. To install your heat sink, all you had to do was put it in place, cinch it down with flanges on either side and lock it with a cam. Connect the power lead for the heat sink to the motherboard Once youve chosen the right kind of RAM, its time to install your RAM module into the insides of your desktop. You should handle RAM carefully. The RAM slots are located on the computers motherboard. There are usually two slots, though there may be more. It will probably take more pressure than you would think to get the RAM into place. Each side of the module should also have a rotating arm that will look the RAM down Now your motherboard is ready to put in the case. Your motherboard should have come with a faceplate for its back connectors. You need to put in the plate and press it until it clicks in place. It needs to sit about a quarter of an inch away from the cases surface so that none of its connectors touch the case. Find the screws for set up motherboard in the case. Dont screw them in too tightly .Be very careful when putting in the screws. If you drop them into the case, they could damage the fine wires on the motherboard one goes Installing the hard disk drive and the DVD-ROM drive. The case has a removable bracket with four rubber grommets on it, which line up with four holes on the hard drive. It also came with four screws made just to punch through those grommets. Screw the hard drive into the bracket back into its slot in the case. If you are using IDE/PATA drives, be sure to set the jumpers correctly. Then connect the hard disk to the power using one of the connectors coming off of the power supply. Now install the cables. One side of the cable has a red stripe on it, which makes it pin 1. Look on the motherboard and hook the cable into the IDE connector marked 1. Insert the other end of the cable on the back of the drive. Now the drive is ready to use Now, you will install the CD-ROM drive. Again, set up the jumpers correctly. The CD-ROM drive fits in the front of the case, and you may have to put out a faceplate to make the room for it. Slide it in and screw it into place, making sure that it is aligned with the front of the case. Just as with the hard drive, you can use any available connector from the power supply. You will also use the cable that came with the CD-ROM drive to connect it to the motherboard and plug the other end into the drive. Connect the audio for the CD drive. Next, there is an obvious place for it to plug in on the motherboard and on the drive itself Hard disk devices use a ribbon cable to connect to each other. Ribbon cables have all of the wires laid flat next to each other instead of bunched or wrapped together in a bundle. IDE ribbon cables have either 40 or 80 wires. There is a connector at each end of the cable and another one about two-thirds of the distance from the motherboard connector.. The three connectors are typically different colors and attach to specific items: ï‚ § The blue connector attaches to the motherboard ï‚ § The black connector attaches to the primary (master) drive ï‚ § The grey connector attaches to the secondary (slave) drive. The last step is installing the power supply in the case. The power supply has two sides. The fan side faces outside the case and the wire side face inside. Slide the power supply onto its brackets and secure it with screws. Connect the power connector is leads to the motherboard. These are should be a large one and a small one, and it will be obvious as to where each one goes. You will be left with about 15 more wires. Dont worry the manuals have a page to tell you exactly where each one goes. Each of them has a label that corresponds to a label on the correct port. It is time to turn your machines on and see if its work. If there are a switch on the back of the power supply, make sure it is on. Also make sure that the power supply is set correctly to 110 or 220 volts At the same your personal computer is powering up and already use Installing Net Interface Card 1. You will select â€Å"Installation the software automatically (Recommended)† and click â€Å"Next†. 2. Searching hardware device. 3. You will click â€Å"Next†. 4. Installation software. 5. You will click â€Å"Finish†. 6. Then Local Area Connection is enabling. Using an appropriate hub or switch connect the PCs using appropriate cabling †¢ The PCs are connected with a single cable (crossover cable limited to two PCs), or are they connected to a hub/switch †¢ First, these â€Å"lights† are really light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and will usually appear in some form of yellow, orange, or green colour, depending on the NIC manufacturer †¢ Second, the link light indicates that the NIC and the cable have a valid electrical connection between the PC and the network device, usually a hub or a switch †¢ The NIC, cable, and hubs or switches are working. When the activity light blinks, it is indicating that data is being transferred between the networking devices †¢ The data is usable—it just means that data is making the trip from the NIC to the hub or switch or from the hub or switch to the NIC †¢ If you are having trouble connecting to a network or communicating to other machines on the network, the link and activity lights are a good place to start your troubleshooting. 1. Microsoft Windows XP Professional Configuration and fine-tuning 1. First we need to install window on hard disk drive. Insert the installation CD into the CD drive. Change the boot setting to the boot from CD. Then save and exit. When you see â€Å"Press any key to boot from CD,you press space bar to boot from cd. The blue screen will appear like above and wait for loading set up 2. The blue screen appears like below and the instruction will also give you how to do. If you want to set up window XP, press ENTER and if repair, press R and if want to quit, press F3. We want to set up window XP so press ENTER to install window 3. This step is license agreement from Microsoft and if you will agree this license, press F8 key. 4. This step is showed your unpartition space on your hard disk and it is new so no need delete.In this step,you have to create partition space for your hard disk .Therefore press C for create partition. 5. In disk C, you have to install window and other application so you give 40000 MB space. Then press ENTER. 6. You will see the partition space have been created. And then you select on the un partitioned space and create partition space again. 7. In the disk D, you have to store your data and other information so you give 40000 MB space. Then press ENTER. 8. You will see the partition space have been created. 9. Select â€Å"Format the partition using the NTFS file system†. And then press â€Å"Enter† to continue. 10. Wait a minutes for formats the partition. 11. And then wait a minutes for copies files 12. After formatting, the computer will reboot and in this time dont press any key when you will see† Press any key boot from CD†. Then you will see window is running. 13. You will see GUI after reboot and wait 39 minutes for installing windows. 14. Wait a minutes for â€Å"Get support for the latest hardware and software. 15. Click â€Å" Next† after installation. 16. Fill â€Å"full name† and â€Å"Organization† and click â€Å"Next†. 17. After that input product key. Product key might be on window XP CDor on the cover. Then click next. 18. In this stage you must input computer name and administrator password and again rein put this password at confirm password. Then click next. 19. If you see the time date, click next again. 20. Wait a few minutes for â€Å"Explore your creative side with photos and videos†. 21. Choice â€Å"Typical Setting† and click â€Å"Next†. 22. Choice â€Å"No this computer is not on a network, or is on a network, without a domain† and Click â€Å"Next†. 23. And then wait a few minutes for â€Å"Windows Movie Maker makes it easy and fun to capture,create,and share home movies†. 24. Wait5 minutes for â€Å"Experience the ultimate in safety, security, and privacy†. 25. Wait 9 minutes for â€Å"Easy move documents and personal settings to a new computer†. 26. Wait 1 minutes for â€Å"Be assured of greater accessibility†. 27. You will see Microsoft Windows XP logo. 28. Click â€Å"OK†. 29. Click â€Å"OK† to continue. 30. You will see â€Å"Welcome to Microsoft Windows†. 31. You will click â€Å"Next†. 32. This stage is checking your internet connection and click â€Å"Next†. 33. Click Next. 34. Enter â€Å"Your name† and click â€Å"Next†. 35. Click â€Å"Finish†. 36. Appear Welcome box. 37. In this stage you can already use â€Å"Microsoft Windows Xp†. 38. You can change background image . 39. You can also change icons . 40. Double click on my computer icon. 41. Right click on the Local Disk(D) and click â€Å"format†. 42. You will click on the start button. 43. And then you will click on the ok button. 44. This step is complete format so you will click on the ok button. 45. You can already store your data and other information on the Local Disk (D). Network for PC 1 1. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and click on the properties. 2. You will see Local Area Connection is enable in the Network Connection . 3. Right click on the Local Area Connection and click properties. 4. In the General tab you will choice the â€Å"Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) and click properties. 5. You will see already select â€Å"Obtain an IP address automatically†. 6. So you will select again the â€Å"Use the following IP address†. 7. For PC1 , IP address is 1.1.1.1 .This IP is group A. 8. In the run box, type cmd and click on â€Å"OK† button. 9. This step is testing these network. If your network is connect, show message (Reply from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..).If your network is disconnect, show message (Request time out or so on). 10. If your network is connect, showed message below the figure. 11. Open your Local Disk D and then right click on anywhere and choice new folder. 12. In this folder, rename pc1. 13. Right-click on this folder and click â€Å"Sharing and Security†. 14. Select the sharing tab. 15. In the sharing tab and select â€Å"share this folder on the network†. 16. In this stage, pc1 folder is already share. 17. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and then click â€Å"Open†. 18. You will see â€Å"View workgroup computers† and click on it. 19. You will see Workgroup computers. 20. This step is viewed on the win2. 1. Right-click on the â€Å"My Network Place† and click on the properties. 2. You will see Local Area Connection is enable in the Network Connection. 3. Right click on the Local Area Connection and click properties. 4. In the General tab you will choice the â€Å"Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)† and click properties. 5. You will see already select â€Å"Obtain an IP address automatically†. 6. So you will select again the â€Å"Use the following IP address†. 7. For PC1 , IP address is 1.1.1.1 .This IP is group A. 8. In the run box, type cmd and click on â€Å"OK† button. 9. This step is testing these network. If your network is connect, show message (Reply from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..).If your network is disconnect, show message (Request time out or so on). 10. If your network is connect, showed message below the figure. 11. Open your Server2003 Local Disk D and then right click on anywhere and choice new folder. 12. In this folder, rename pc2. 13. Right-click on this folder and click â€Å"Sharing and Security†. 14. Select the sharing tab. 15. In the sharing tab and select â€Å"share this folder on the network†. 16. In this stage, pc1 folder is already share. Install and configure the printer on one of the PCs Network Printer for Win-1 1. HpDeskjet 3900 printer put into your computers USB port at the same time you will see â€Å"Found New Hardware†. 2. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 3. We will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 4. We will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. Choice â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will click on the down arrow and choice â€Å"USB(Virtual printer ports for USB) and click on the â€Å"Next†. 7. You will see this box and click on the â€Å"Next† 8. You will click on the â€Å"Have Disk† button. 9. Appear â€Å"Install From Disk† dialog box and click on the â€Å"OK† button. 10. You will choice the â€Å"auto run†. 11. You will see next time â€Å"Install From Disk† dialog box and click on the â€Å"Browse† button. 12. You will see â€Å"Add Printer Wizard† dialog box and click on the â€Å"Next†. 13. And then your printer name is â€Å"Hp Deskjet 3300 Series† and click on the â€Å"Next†. 14. You will choice the â€Å"Do not share this printer† and click â€Å"Next†. 15. Choice â€Å"No† and click â€Å"Next† button. 16. You will click on the â€Å"Finish† button. 17. The network printer can already use. 18. Right click on the printer and click on printing preferences. 19. You will click on the â€Å"Sharing† tab and you will see â€Å"Do not share this printer. 20. You will share this printer so you will select the â€Å"Share this printer† and click â€Å"Apply and OK† button. 21. This step is already use and already share this printer. Network Printer for Win-2 1. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 2. You will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 3. You will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 4. Choice â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. Select â€Å"A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will see â€Å"Browse for a printer† already selected . 7. So you will select again on â€Å"Connect to the printer (or to browse for a printer select this option and click next)† and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 8. Type your printer name and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 9. Connect to the printer is successful and click on finish button. 10. The network printer can already use on the network. Network Printer for win-3 1. Click the start menu bar and choice setting and click printer and fax. 2. We will see â€Å"Add a printer† and click on it. 3. We will see â€Å"Add printer Wizard† and click â€Å"Next†. 4. You will see already select â€Å"Local printer attached to the computer† and click â€Å"Next†. 5. So you will select â€Å"A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer and click â€Å"Next†. 6. You will see â€Å"Browse for a printer† already selected . 7. So you will select again on â€Å"Connect to the printer (or to browse for a printer select this option and click next)† and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 8. Type your printer name and click on the â€Å"Next† button. 9. This step is asked to connect with the network printer and click on yes button. 10. Connect to the printer is successful and click on finish button. 11. The network printer can already use on the network. Sharing folder 1. Right-click on the desktop choice new folder. 2. You will rename this folder. 3. You will see the folder on the desktop. 4. Right click on the folder and choice the share and security 5. In sharing tab, selected â€Å"Sharing the folder† and click on permission button 6. Checked on all allowed button and click apply and ok button 7. You will see already shared folder on the desktop. Task 3 Searching for PCs and other peripheral devices No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Monitor 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 2. Casing and Power Supply 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 3. Mother board 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 4. Microprocessor 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 5. Hard disk drive 3.7.2009 3.7.2009 6. Graphic card 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 7. Main Memory 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 8. CD-ROM 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 9. Printer 4.7.2009 4.7.2009 10. Microsoft Windows XP Professional w/SP2 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 Searching for Network devices No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Network Interface Card 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 2. UTP cable 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 3. Switch 5.7.2009 5.7.2009 Assembling the Personal Computer and driver installation No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Assembling the PCs 30.7.2009 30.7.2009 2. Main Memory installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 3. Graphic Card installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 4. CD-ROM installation 31.7.2009 31.7.2009 5. Hard disk format and 1.8.2009 1.8.2009 6. Window XP installation 1.8.2009 1.8.2009 Preparing three Personal Computer connect to the network and sharing printer No Name StartDate EndDate 1. Network card installation 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 2. 3PCs Network 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 3. Sharing folder 29.8.2009 29.8.2009 2. Sharing printer 2.9.2009 2.9.2009 Task 4 Task4 Name, location and contents of 5 Major system files in Windows XP †¢ C:WINDOWSBOOT.INI †¢ C: WINDOWS NTLD †¢ C: WINDOWS NTBOOTDD.SYS †¢ C: WINDOWS NTUSER.DAT †¢ C: WINDOWS NTDETECT.COM 5 common technologies available for establishing Internet connectivity through Our Windows XP 1. ADSL(use phone line and cable modem) 2. Wi-Max(use access point) 3. Satellite 4. Broadband and 5. IP star Features of Linux †¢ the several programs running at the same time †¢ the several users on the same machine at the same time (and no two-user licenses!) †¢ runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel †¢ One program cant bring the whole system down †¢ Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used †¢ dynamically linked shared libraries (DLLs), and static libraries too, of course †¢ support for many national or customized keyboards, and it is fairly easy to add new ones dynamically †¢ supports several common file systems, including minix, Xenix, and all the common system V file systems †¢ UMSDOS is special file systems which allows Linux to install on a DOS file system †¢ read-only HPFS-2 support for OS/2 2.1 †¢ TCP/IP networking, ftp, telnet, NFS and so on †¢ Netware client and server †¢ LAN Manager/Windows Native (SMB) client and server †¢ the base protocols available include TCP, IPv4, IPv6, AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (AppleTalk), Netrom and so on †¢ Stable network protocols included TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, AX.25 and etc Reference Web Reference http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/how-to-tech/build-a-computer.htm www.metasearch.com www.google.com www.yahoo.com Book Reference PC World Fundamental of Hardware and Operating system McGraw.Hill.Mike.Meyers.A.plus.Guide.to.Managing.and.Troubleshooting.PCs.Lab.Manual.2nd.Edition.Apr.2007

The Importance of Localism and Non-Profit College Radio :: Radio University College Broadcasting Essays

The Importance of Localism and Non-Profit College Radio â€Å"Radio is the salvation of the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Non-profit college radio is, by its nature, a medium dedicated to the local community and the public interest. The media landscape in the new millennium has brought about a homogenized world of radio. Large conglomerates like Clear Channel and Infinity Broadcasting own thousands of radio stations. Clear Channel designates one programming director for a particular format in an area, giving sometimes a hundred radio stations the same play list. These stations then have local DJ’s insert voiceovers into the programs, forming, basically, a nationally syndicated radio show. This national play list has caused most listeners to feel that radio has become a cold and stale medium. No longer can listeners pick up the dial and call a DJ to request a track. Instead, they would probably find only a board operator inserting commercials in between an already chosen play list. The role of college radio lies in the bleak future of diversity and innovation that is lacking in the industry t oday. College radio is non-profit by nature, relying on community and university funding to stay on the air. Most college radio offers music that is not heard on any other radio station in the market, and it also offers a place for communications majors to gain broadcasting and music industry experience. In its boundaries, it harbors the most pure form of radio, a place where DJ’s can be reached live on the air and one might hear a heavy metal show played right after a jazz hour. It is college radio’s eclectic and constantly changing format that gives it its thrift store appeal. College students usually serve as the DJ’s, and a different set comes and goes each semester. College radio is still a throwback to the days where people listened to radio for the pure thrill of the music. Very little has been written on college radio in particular, although a lot of literature exists on non-profit radio as a whole. Only since the mid 1980’s has college radio sprung into the spotlight as an important medium. Pour through any campus library and you will find many books on how to start your own radio station but little on the culture that has arisen from it. The most definitive source on college radio’s cultural influence is Samuel Saul’s The Culture of American College Radio.

Macintosh Vs. IBM :: essays research papers

Macintosh vs. IBM The IBM and Macintosh computers have been in competition with each other for years, and each of them have their strong points. They both had their own ideas about where they should go in the personal computer market. They also had many developments, which propelled themselves over the other. It all started when Thomas John Watson became president of Computing Tabulating Recording in 1914, and in 1924 he renamed it to International Business Machines Corporation. He eventually widened the company lines to include electronic computers, which was extremely new in those days. In 1975 IBM introduced their first personal computer (PC) which was called the Model 5100. It carried a price tag of about $9,000 which caused it to be out of the main stream of personal computers, even though their first computer did not get off to as big as a start they had hoped it did not stop them from continuing on. Later on IBM teamed up with Microsoft to create an operating system to run their new computers, because their software division was not able to meet a deadline. They also teamed up with Intel to supply its chips for the first IBM personal computer. When the personal computer hit the market it was a major hit and IBM became a strong power in electronic computers. Phoenix Technologies went through published documentation to figure out the internal operating system (BIOS) in the IBM. In turn, they designed a BIOS of their own which could be used with IBM computers. It stood up in courts and now with a non IBM BIOS, the clone was created. Many manufacturers jumped in and started making their own IBM Compatible computers, and IBM eventually lost a big share in the desktop computers. While IBM was just getting started in the personal computer market, Apple was also just getting on its feet. It was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976. They were both college drop outs, Steve Jobs out of Reed College in Oregon and Steve Wozniak from the University of Colorado. They ended up in Silicon Valley, which is located in northern California near San Francisco. Wozniak was the person with the brains and Jobs was the one who put it all together. For about $700 someone could buy a computer that they put together, which was called the Apple I. They hired a multimillionaire, Armas Clifford Markkula, a 33 year old as the chief executive in 1977. In the mean time Wozniak was working at Hewlett Packard until Markkula encouraged him to quit his job with them, and to focus his attention on Apple.

America Needs Its Nerds Essay

The socially and physically inept, the outcasts, often associated with computers and books- these characteristics constitute the stereotype of the average geek. Students are afraid to reveal their identities in an environment among their peers because of the fear of being an outcast among the idolized jocks. In an excerpt from â€Å"America Needs Its Nerds† Harvard student and writer Leonid Fridman expresses his disgust for the unjust treatment of individuals who are essential to our country- the geeks. He addresses the American public with a call to action to put geeks into their deserved positions, giving them hope and motivation to express their own identities. Fridman utilizes irony when discussing how even Harvard students are being picked on, as well as the compare and contrast between America’s discouraging treatment of the nerd to East Asia and China’s praising of them, to represent how the fear of social rejection has forced these mistreated intellects t o hide their academic capabilities. Leonid Fridmen is disappointment with the fact that even at Harvard, one of the top Ivy League colleges, students are still picked on because of their levels of intellect. It is ironic that even at one of the top colleges in America where nerds and geeks dominate the realm of the school that â€Å"anti-intellectualism is rampant†. Social standing competes with intelligence even at the most academic institution, showing America that students are â€Å"ashamed† of their intellect because of the negative stereotypes society degraded them with. Fridman also employs irony when referring to â€Å"get[ting] wasted at parties† by describing how nerds avoid damaging their brain and bodies, but are punished socially for not  physically hurting themselves. Fridman’s call to action addresses the American public as being erroneous in their actions of idolizing the nonintellectual while demeaning the studious intellectuals when he compares America’s academic values to those of East Asia’s. In America, athletes and celebrities are rewarded and more prevalent in society then those interested in pursuing academics. With these characteristics of our society, it is impossible to â€Å"compete in the technology rate† or be a â€Å"leading political and cultural force† with other countries who encourage academics rather than reject the individuals who excel in it. Fridman’s belief of demeaning the intellectual is a continual paradigm in our society today. In 2003, Arnold Schwarzenegger was elected to be the Governor of California; however, it was primarily for his name recognition as a body builder and film star, lacking any experience working in government. Although Schwarzenegger lacked the intellectual knowledge he needed, he was elected because the public idolized him. The public is more interested in the media and athletics and neglect to realize the important impact researchers and intellects have on our world. Colleges pay college athletic coaches more than the professors working at an institution. Americans pay more on professional sports then they do to fund cancer research or education. As USA Today wrote, â€Å"You can get a Nobel Prize at your university and you won’t get anywhere near that attention. And so I think between the public and the media, they are telling us what they value.† The public is involved, and often times addicted, to athletes or social media and reject the academically motivated as outcasts from the ideal society. Unfortunately, this public is unaware of the capabilities of academic achievement and the progress it has brought us in our world.

Nvq Level 2 229

| Sampled By IV| | Initials| | | Dated| | | Questioning Record | Issue No:| 1| | | Issue Date: | 01/02/11| | | Page | 1| of| 2| | | Approved By:| N Parr| | | Ref| I12-1| Candidate Name:| Niccola Taylor| Date of Activity | | Award Title / Level | Level 2| Evidence Ref No: | | Targeted Unit(s) | 4222-229| | | Questioning to support standards: | YES| | Unit | *Learning Outcome and Criteria | Questions to be asked | 229| 1. 2| Where are the pressure sites on the body? | | 1. | What factors might put the skin at risk of breakdown? | | 1. 4| How can incorrect moving and handling techniques cause damage to the skin? | | 1. 5 | What interventions can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores? | | 1. 6 | What changes to an individual’s skin condition must be reported? | Responses to Questions Asked | | Unit/Learning Outcome and Criteria| 1. 2 Pressure sites usually occur on bony areas of the body, such as the tailbone, back, buttocks, backOf the head, elbows, heels, hips, an d shoulders. 1. If they have been sitting/lying down in the same position for too long and haven’t had pressure relief, having dry skin and poor diet can also put the skin at risk of breakdown. 1. 4 Incorrect moving and handling techniques can course skin to tear or bruise. 1. 5 Make sure there not in the same position for too, long make sure they have regular pressure relief , when there sitting/lying down make sure it’s on pressure cushion or matters. 1. 6 Dry, cracked, redness, bruising or any colour change. | | | Name| Initials| Signature| Date | Candidate: | | | | | Assessor: | | | | | Witness:| | | | | Nvq Level 2 229 | Sampled By IV| | Initials| | | Dated| | | Questioning Record | Issue No:| 1| | | Issue Date: | 01/02/11| | | Page | 1| of| 2| | | Approved By:| N Parr| | | Ref| I12-1| Candidate Name:| Niccola Taylor| Date of Activity | | Award Title / Level | Level 2| Evidence Ref No: | | Targeted Unit(s) | 4222-229| | | Questioning to support standards: | YES| | Unit | *Learning Outcome and Criteria | Questions to be asked | 229| 1. 2| Where are the pressure sites on the body? | | 1. | What factors might put the skin at risk of breakdown? | | 1. 4| How can incorrect moving and handling techniques cause damage to the skin? | | 1. 5 | What interventions can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores? | | 1. 6 | What changes to an individual’s skin condition must be reported? | Responses to Questions Asked | | Unit/Learning Outcome and Criteria| 1. 2 Pressure sites usually occur on bony areas of the body, such as the tailbone, back, buttocks, backOf the head, elbows, heels, hips, an d shoulders. 1. If they have been sitting/lying down in the same position for too long and haven’t had pressure relief, having dry skin and poor diet can also put the skin at risk of breakdown. 1. 4 Incorrect moving and handling techniques can course skin to tear or bruise. 1. 5 Make sure there not in the same position for too, long make sure they have regular pressure relief , when there sitting/lying down make sure it’s on pressure cushion or matters. 1. 6 Dry, cracked, redness, bruising or any colour change. | | | Name| Initials| Signature| Date | Candidate: | | | | | Assessor: | | | | | Witness:| | | | |